Matilda
(Maud) of England (The Empress Matilda) Matilda
(Maud) of England (The Empress Matilda)Matilda, or Maud, was married at a young age to the Holy Roman
Emperor Henry V. When Matilda's brother William perished in the
disaster of the White Ship in 1120, Henry I was left without a
male heir, and his plans turned to his daughter Matilda. After
the death of her first husband, her father named her as his heir,
and married her (against her desire) to count Geoffrey of Anjou.
When Henry I died in 1135, Matilda's cousin Stephen was named as
king, starting a civil war in which Matilda was ultimately
unsuccessful in pressing her claim to the throne of England, but
her husband had taken Normandy by 1144. An agreement made in 1153
set the stage for her son Henry's accession as king when Stephen
died in 1154.
[See DNB 13, 54-58.]
Date of Birth: 2 Henry I [1101-2].
[Gerv. Cant. i, 91-2]
Place of Birth: London.
[William Fitz Stephen's Vita Sancti Thomæ, in
Mater. Hist. Becket iii, 13]
Date of Death: 10 or 12 September 1167.
[Chr. S. Serg. Andegav. ("iiº idus
septembris"); Chr. Rob. Tor. ("4
Idus Septembris")]
Place of Death: Rouen, buried at Bec.
[Chr. S. Serg. Andegav.; Chr. Rob. Tor.]
Father:
Henry I
"Beauclerc", d. 1135, king of
England.
[GND (Rob. Tor.) viii, 11 (v. 2, pp. 216-9)]
Mother:
Matilda of Scotland.
[GND (Rob. Tor.) viii, 11 (v. 2, pp. 216-9)]
Spouses:
(1) m. Mainz [John ("Florence") Worc.; Sim. Durh.], 6 or 7 January 1114, Heinrich (Henry) V,
d. 22 May 1125, Holy Roman Emperor.
[John
("Florence") of Worcester and Simeon of Durham give the
8th of the ides of January (i.e., 6 January) as the date of the
marriage, Ann. Hildesheim. gives the day after Epiphany
(i.e., 7 January)]
(2) m. Winchester [Chr. Rob. Tor.], about Pentecost 1127 [Chr. Rob. Tor. (about Pentecost); Rog. Hov. i, 219, s.a. 1128 (about Pentecost); R. Dic. i, 245 (year only)] Geoffrey V, d. 1151, count of Anjou, duke of Normandy.
Children:
[GND (Rob. Tor.) viii, 25 (v. 2, pp. 240-1)]
Henry II, d. 1189, king of England, 1154-1189.
Geoffrey, d. 1158, count of Nantes.
Guillaume, d. 1164, count of Poitou.
See the page of Geoffrey for more detailed documentation on the children. A few secondary sources erroneously make Geoffrey's illegitimate daughter Emma a daughter of Matilda.
Ann. Hildesheim. = Annales Hildesheimenses, MGH SS 3.
Chr. Rob. Tor. = L. C. Bethemann, ed., Roberti de Monte Chronica (a continuation by Robert de Torigni of the chronicle of Sigebert de Gembloux), MGH SS 6, 476-535.
Chr. S. Serg. Andegav. = Chronica Sancti Sergii Andegavensis, in Marchegay & Mabille, eds., Chroniques des Églises d'Anjou (Paris, 1869), 129-152.
DNB = Dictionary of National Biography.
Gerv. Cant. = William Stubbs, ed., The Historical Works of Gervase of Canterbury, 2 vols. (Rolls Series 73, 1879).
GND = Guillaume de Jumièges, Gesta Normannorum Ducum, as edited in Elisabeth van Houts, ed. & trans., The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis and Robert of Torigni, 2 vols., (Oxford, 1992). Citation is by book and chapter of Guillaume's work, with the volume and page number of the edition by van Houts in parentheses.
GND (Rob. Tor.) = Additions to GND by Robert de Torigny.
John ("Florence") Worc. = Darlington & McGurk, eds., The Chronicle of John of Worcester, 3 vols. (Oxford 1995-, vol. 1 not yet pub.). Formerly known as the chronicle of "Florence" of Worcester.
Mater. Hist. Becket = James Craigie Robertson (vols. 1-7) and J. Brigstocke Sheppard (vol. 7), eds., Materials for the History of Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, 7 vols. (London, 1875-85).
MGH = Monumenta Germaniae Historica.
R. Dic. = William Stubbs, ed., Radulfi de Diceto Decani Lundonensis Opera Historica - The Historical Works of Master Ralph de Diceto Dean of London, 2 vols. (Rolls Series 68, London 1876).
Rog. Hov. = William Stubbs, ed., Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene, 5 vols. (Rolls Series 51, 1868). For an English translation, see Henry T. Riley, trans., The Annals of Roger de Hoveden, 2 vols. (London, 1853). Citations are from the edition of Stubbs.
Sim. Durh. = Thomas Arnold, ed., Symeonis Monachi Opera Omnia, 2 vols. (Rolls Series 75, 1882-5).
Compiled by Stewart Baldwin
First uploaded 27 June 2004.
Return to Henry Project home page